El entrenamiento físico disminuye la actividad nerviosa simpática en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca.
La hiperactivación del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona constituye un mecanismo fundamental en el desarrollo de la insuficiencia cardíaca, el cual es gatillado por el incremento sostenido de la actividad del sistema nervioso simpático.
Por este motivo, si el ejercicio físico es efectivo en reducir la actividad nerviosa simpática en estos pacientes fue una de las hipótesis centrales que la ex-alumna del programa de magíster en kinesiología cardiorrespiratoria, Klga. MSc. María Javiera Saavedra se planteó en su tesis de post grado, que fue realizada bajo la orientación del Dr. Iván Rodríguez (LBE-USS) y evaluación del Dr. Jorge Roa (U de C) y Dr. Fernando Romero (UFRO).
A continuación les presentamos el resumen del trabajo:
ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise training on sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure patients.
Methodology: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed. Clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies were considered for primary article selection. The study included male and female patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure and considered an intervention program of at least 4 weeks. Sympathetic nerve activity was measured by microneurography. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between sympathetic nerve activity parameters were calculated for control and experimental groups, pre and post intervention. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model, with a confidence interval of 95%.
Results: The experimental group indicated a significant decrease in the number of bursts per minute (Burst × min-1) (SMD -2.48; 95% CI -3.55 to -1.41) when compared to the control group. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was also observed in the prevalence of bursts per 100 beats in the experimental group when compared to the control group (SMD -2.66; 95% CI -3.64 to -1.69).
Conclusion: Exercise training is effective in reducing sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Future studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Keywords: Exercise Training; Heart Failure; Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity; Autonomic Nervous System.
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